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13 that claim e-cigarettes cause similar discoloration to c-cigarettes, this disagreement may stem from the use of different smoking materials in their study or the machine used in exposure

A further dimension of the SESvaping relationship lies in the context of dual use and smoking cessation

Smoking cessation and harm reduction E-cigarettes are widely used as a smoking cessation tool: 32.4% of Canadian smokers used e-cigarettes for this purpose in 2017,[2] and the UK National Health Service officially recommends e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid.[18] Though older studies[19-21] have shown that e-cigarettes are not superior to traditional nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation, more recent randomized controlled trials have shown e-cigarettes to be superior to NRT [Table 1]

Non-M-CS has been shown to induce airway neurogenic inflammation mainly via activation of certain type of lung vagal afferents (Kou et al., 2011)